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l^omc College Si^rus, ^ 



Number .^^..^^..^....^www...^ ^ ..................^ Bight u- Nine, 



THE REGICIDES; 



OR, 



THE STORY OF THREE OF THE JUDGES WHO CONDEMNED TO '^ 

THE PUNISHMENT OF DEATH KING CHARLES I., (^ 

OF ENGLAND, WHO WAS EXECUTED t 

JANUARY 30, 1649. | 



BY C. ADAMS, D.D. 



NEW YORIC^^_^^ ... 
PHILLIPS & HUNT. 

CINCINNATI: 
WALDEN & STO^A/■E. 



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The "Home Collkge Series" will contain one hundred short papers on^ 
n wide range of subjects — biographical, historical, scientific, literary, domes* 
tic, political, and religious. Indeed, the religious tone will characterize all 
of them. They are written for every body — for all whose leisure is limited, 
but who desire to uf-e the mioutes for the enricliment of life. 

These papers contain seeds from the best gardens in nil the woild of 
human knowledge, and if dropped wisely into good soil, wi'l bring forth 
harvests of beauty and value. 

They are for the young — especiall}- for young people (and older people, 
too) who are out of the schools, w^ho are full of '•busioess" and "cares," 
who are in danger of reading nothing, or of reading a sensational literature 
^hat is worse than nothing. 

One of these papers a week read over and over, thought and talked about 
at "odd times," will give in one year a vast fund of information, an intel- 
lectual quickening, worth even more than the mere knowledges acquired, a 
taste for solid read ng, many hours of simple and Avhole.sorae pleasure, and 
ability to talk intelligently and helpfully to one's friends. 

Pastors may organize ''Home College" classes, or "Lyceum Reading 
Unions," or "Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circles," and iielp the 
young people to read and think and talk and live to worthier purpose. 

A young man may have Ins own little "college" all by himself, read this 
sfries of tracts one after the other, (there-will soon be one huodied of them 
readv,) examine himself on them by the " Thought-Outline to Help the Memv 
ory." and thus gain knowledge, and, what ia better, a love of knowledge. 

And what a young man may do in this respect, a young woman, and both 
old men and old women, may do. 

J. H. ViXCEXT. 
New York, Jan., 1883. 



Copyright, 1863, by Puillifs & Hunt, Now York. 



Paim College Series, ^umbi^r Cigljiu-nme. 



The Story of the Regicides. 



In 1648 Charles I., King of England, was brought to trial 
before the '' High Court of Justice," created for the purpose 
by the "purged" Parliament then existing, and was con- 
victed, condemned, and executed. Of the justice or injustice 
of this very important transaction it is not our intention, in 
this present brief narrative, to write. It was a time of civil 
war between the king and Parliament, in which the latter 
was victorious; while the former, now a captive, was doomed 
to suffer death. Subsequently, for about four years, the 
English Government was a sort of Republic, when the Pro- 
tectorate of Cromwell succeeded, to be followed in 1660 by 
the " Restoration." 

- As was of course to be expected, an immediate result of 
the new order of things was " inquisition for blood " of the 
late king, whose violent death, consequent upon the judg- 
ment of the tribunal before which he was tried, was deemed 
by every English royalist to be nothing less than murder, 
and murder, too, of the most heinous character. With these 
there was no allowance made for the ill-deservings of the 
late king, no thought about his treachery, his threats in the 
event of his triumph over his enemies, his violated pledges 
and other misdoings, or the condition of war under which 
the trial and execution had taken place. The tables were 
now turned; the Royalists were in power; resistance to the 
deceased king was rebellion and treason; the court that had 
assumed to try him, as well as those who had created such 
court, were mobs ; the trial itself was a mockery and a farce; 
the issue thereof was murder ; and every man who sat in 
judgment upon the innocent monarch, and signed the war- 
rant for his death, was a murderer — a murderer of the first 



THE STOUT OF THE REGTCIDES. 



and highest degree, and as such was an outlaw, and must be 
brought to judgment. 

The Parliament of 1660 was clamorous for the blood of 
the Regicides. From their " Bill of Oblivion and Indem- 
nity " seven only were at first excepted and doomed to judg- 
ment. But the Commons went on adding name to name to 
the original seven. The lords put on greater strength still; 
and they voted that all* who signed the death-warrant of 
Charles I., and five others besides, should be excepted from 
pardon. Meanwhile, the new king was scarcely seated upon 
the throne before issuing, at the instigation of Parliament, 
his proclamation commanding all those who had sat as judges 
of his father to surrender themselves within fourteen days, 
" on pain of being excepted from any pardon or indemnity 
as to their lives or estates." A part of the judges, whom this 
proclamation had inspired with the hope of pardon in case of 
compliance, surrendered themselves; others, taking alarm 
from the same proclamation, fled immediately and wisely to 
foreign parts. Twenty-five out of the fifty-eight or nine 
who composed the " High Court of Justice," and voted for 
the king's condemnation, were in their graves, of whom were 
Cromwell the Protector, and Bradshaw the president of the 
court. Twenty-nine were brought to trial, as traitors for 
the murder of the king, before a special court of commis- 
sioners, and all convicted. Of the twenty-nine, nineteen 
were sentenced to imprisonment for life, and the remaining 
ten were executed. Of these ten, six were of the judges, 
one was the chief prosecuting counsel, two were oflScers of 
the guard over the royal person, while the remaining one 
was Hugh Peters, a zealous Puritan minister. 

Of the sixteen members of the regicide court who escaped 
to foreign parts, three fled to this country, where they passed 
the remainder of their lives. The names of these men were 
Edward Whalley, William Goffe, and John Dixwell, all of 
whom seem to have been men of talents and respectability. 



THE STORY OF THE REGTCTDES. 



Whallcy was of an ancient family, who could trace liis 
lineage back to the times of Edward VL, and was first cousin 
to Cromwell the Protector. He bore a conspicuous part in 
the revolutionary events of 1640-60, distinguished himself 
as a soldier of high rank in the Parliament service, and re- 
ceived the thanks of that body for his brilliant conduct at 
the battle of Banbury. He also won laurels at the great 
fight of Naseby, as also at the terrible battle of Dunbar, 
where two horses were shot under him. Under the Protect- 
orate he was one of Cromwell's major-generals, and was in- 
cluded in the new House of Lords created by the Protector. 
In fact, all accounts agree that General Wh alley was a man 
of true greatness of mind, possessing abilities equal to any 
enterpiise and to the highest councils of State, civil, political,, 
or military. He was, meanwhile, a man of religion, and is 
represented as a devoted servant and worshiper of the most 
high God, and whose piety was fervent and sincere. 

Goffe was the son of a minister — the rector of Stanmore — ■ 
and became the son-in-law of Whalley. He early entered 
the parliamentary army, rose rapidly in military rank, and 
was, throughout, devotedly attached to the cause of the Par- 
liament and the Protectorate. He, like his father-in-law, 
Whalley, w^as created a lord by the Protector, and also like 
him is reported as deeply religious. Both were Puritan-^, 
both were eminently conscientious, and, in the part they 
acted in the revolutionary drama, they sought, whether mis- 
takenly or otherwise, the best welfare of their country. 

Dixwell seems to have been a man of less note than the 
other two. He was a gentleman in good circumstances, was 
a member of the Long Parliament, a colonel in the army both 
under Parliament and also under the Protectorate, and, at 
the end of the latter, was a member of tlie Council of State. 
Perceiving at length that every thing was tending to the 
restoration of monarchy, he deemed it prudent to consult 
for his personal safety. 



4 THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 

Promptly the Restoration became an accomplished fact, 
and matters, as we have seen, were becoming serious for the 
Regicides, and the more wary of them timely withdrew. 
Whalley and Goffe were presently missing; nor did they 
disappear a day too soon. A proclamation was immediately 
issued setting forth that they had left the kingdom, and a 
reward of five hundred dollars was offered for the discovery 
of either of them in any part of the British dominions, and 
returning them dead or alive. Previously, however, to the 
appearance of this proclamation they had left England for- 
ever. 

We have been able to discover no details of that sad de- 
parture. Whalley was at the time an old man of between 
sixty and seventy years. There was probably a wife whom 
he would see no more. There was also a little boy, a few 
years old, the child of his old age, besides several children 
that were grown and mature, and who loved and venerated 
their father; for he w^as a highly resj^ectable as well as a 
deeply pious man. Goffe, too, could not have left his home 
without a pang. A lovely and excellent wife clung to him 
in that last embrace, and little children sorrowed at the going 
away — they knew not where — of their fond father. 

Early in May, 1660, these two fugitive men bade adieu to 
their homes and friends, and in the following July they ar- 
rived at Boston. " They brought with them," writes Gov- 
ernor Hutchinson, " their Christian profession and character, 
with testimonials of their Church relations; and, on their 
arrival, made no attempts to conceal their persons or history." 
Immediately presenting themselves to Mr. Endicott, Governor 
of the Colony, they were received by him with courtesy and 
cordiality, and were visited by the principal persons of the 
town, still making no attempt at disguise or concealment. 
Their principal sojourn while in the vicinity of Boston was 
at Cambridge, where they seem to have conducted themselves 
much as other people, and as if nothing extraordinary belonged 



THE STOUT OF THE BEGICIDES. 



to their history. They were punctual at public worship, as 
well as at occasional lectures and private devotional meet- 
ings, and the holy sacrament of the Supper. 

Meanwhile, it seemed to be universally known who and 
what these strangers were. Their grave, serious, and devout 
bearing and accomplished manner, together with the higli 
rank they were known to have sustained at home, commanded 
for them great respect. True, it was equally known that 
they were of the number who, a dozen years before, sat in 
judgment upon King Charles I. and decreed his death. Yet 
it seems probable that with the multitude there was but 
slight disposition to censure them on this ground. There 
were, indeed, decided Royalists around them ; and some of 
these may have probably borne toward the strangers no 
great amount of good-will. At the same time, however, 
there were obviously many others whose sympathies were 
wit£ them, and others still who were at least kindly in their 
bearing; and every indication confirms the suspicion that, in 
the strange land whither these fugitive and grave men had 
come, there was for them more of friendship than hostility, 
or even of indifference. 

Under these pleasant circumstances it may be that they 
had begun to cherish the hope that the "bitterness of death" 
was past. If so, only a little time served to open the eyes of 
all parties touching the cmirjius of the Government. On the 
eve of the winter succeeding their arrival at Boston arrived 
also the Act of Indemnity; and as they tremblingly scanned 
the list of those excepted from pardon they saw their own 
names among the fatal number. At once they realized that 
they were not of the pardoned and free; that there was no 
longer any country for them; that they were outlaws; that 
they were doomed men; and that a dreadful death awaited 
them if once apprehended and borne back over sea to judg- 
ment. 

Alarm at once seized, not only the men themselves, but 



THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 



many who were interested for their welfare, and they were 
advised to a change of residence. The horizon grows dark, 
the sun is hidden and storms seem impending, and there is 
no longer safety. At length much tumult is excited by for- 
eign influences, and a heavy pressure comes upon the gov- 
ernor, (Endicott,) with a view to their apprehension and 
forcible return to England. Friends were around them, and 
they knew it; but there was a great and terrible power in 
whose dominions they were sojourning, and that power was 
against them, had no protection for them, no favor toward 
them, was eager to clutch and destroy them. Alas, for the 
fugitive outla.v ! Who may adequately picture the situa- 
tion ? Who, save the victim himself, may ever feel it ? The 
Jaw over him, but not to shield him as it shielded every one 
else. The law over him, but only to seize upon him with its 
merciless hand and crush him. The law over him, but to 
frighten every one away that would approach to comfort or 
Jielp him. The heaven brass above him, the earth iron be- 
neath him, out in the wide world, but yet a prisoner. Amid 
a heaven of riulits and privileges, but none of them for him. 
Fears by day and night — in the calm sunshine, in the passing 
breeze, in the quiet gathering, in the solitary walk, in the 
approaching stranger, in the casual glance, in the silent whis- 
per, in all times, places, surroundings, happenings. 

The Regicides fled before the gathering storm. It was on 
the 26th of February, 1661, that they suddenly disappeared 
from Cambridge. Just ten days before was issued by the 
governor and his assistants the warrant for their apprehen- 
sion. Few, if any, seem to have known of the precise time 
of their d|y3arture, or the way they took in their long wan- 
dering. On the day above named they were no longer at 
Cambridge, and were never seen there afterward. At once 
they were missed from the church, the social meeting, and 
the street ; and none afterward knew of their whereabouts, 
nor whither they had gone. 



THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 



Meanwhile, the season seemed unpropitious for such a 
journey as theirs must be. It was still winter, and the snows 
were abroad, and the atmosphere was frosty and keen, and 
the March winds blew chilly, and traveling was heavy, and 
settlements were scanty along the new and rugged country, 
and dark and far-reaching forests overspread the hills and 
vales, and they know not what savage foes might be encount- 
ered on the way, or whether the friendly door of the settler's 
cabin would open to them at night. Through nine weary 
days in succession the travelers pursued their way, only rest- 
ing, as we may presume they did. on the included Sabbath. 

On the 7th day of March two men of singular and grave 
appearance came into the village of New Haven. It was a 
small town about half a mile square, and cornering upon a 
beautiful bay spreading away to the south, and into which 
flowed two principal streams coming down from the north, 
and passing the town a mile or more distant. These two 
men were the Regicides — Whalley and GofFe. As is inevi- 
table in all such villages, every man, woman, and child was 
apprised of the strangers' arriva', and all eyes were upon 
them as they made their appearance. And no wonder; for 
they were men venerable in aspect and bearing. One was 
the senior of the other by nearly a score of years; yet both 
were erect in form, heavily bearded, and having the seeming 
of singular and excellent dignity. They had just finished 
their long and tedious journey through the wilderness from 
Cambridge, and were come to find, if it were possible, a place 
of safety and rest in New Haven. Says HoUister in his 
"History of Connecticut :" "They were grave, sedate men, 
and bore themselves with a noble self-control and a manly 
cheerfulness that bespoke no secret upbraidings of con- 
science. It does not appear that they ever felt any such 
accusations, or entertained a doubt as to the part that they 
had taken in the transactions that preceded or followed the 
king's death." 



THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 



For some days at New Haven the Regicides seemed to 
reckon themselves again out of danger, while, as at Cam- 
bridge, they were treated with much respect, and were not 
backward in participating in the gatherings and socialities of 
the town. But this gleam of sunshine was too beautiful to 
last. True, the fugitives were far away from Boston, but 
soon news of the execution of ten of the Regicides, in the 
preceding autumn, reached that town, and a royal mandate 
had already been forwarded to Boston for the apprehension 
of Whalley and GofFe. This startled and alarmed the coun- 
try; and especially as it was immediately followed by two 
young men commissioned to search the colonies for the out- 
laws. It now darkens very visibly. Already the pursuers 
are on the track of the fugitives. They are soon at Cam- 
bridge, then at Hartford, then at Guilford, within a score of 
miles from New Haven. Those young men are in earnest — 
terribly in earnest. They long for more blood, more butch- 
ery, and to feast their eyes on fresh human shambles. They 
would go back to London with these two venerable men in 
their clutches, well manacled and fettered, and all fitted for 
the butcher. Ten victims hanged — disemboweled alive — then 
beheaded and quartered; such are not enough. The scene 
of murder and brutality must be renewed — renewed under 
the windows of King Charles's palace, where he can witness 
again the carnival of blood and anguish. 

But the young gentlemen encountered difficulties. They 
have evidence well-nigh conclusive that the fugitive men are 
at New Haven; but they must proceed legally. There must 
be a gubernatorial warrant, and the colonial governor (Leet) 
is not ready. He has scruples. An authoritative warrant — 
sometimes at least — is a grave matter, may involve grave 
and ugly consequences, and must, therefore, be thought of 
somewhat. Governor Leet thinks about it — thinks of those 
possible consequences — does not exactly like them — has seen 
these hunted men. They were here at Guilford one day. 



THE 8T0RT OF THE REGICIDES. 



The governor knows them — knows their history — rather 
likes them — has heard of the butchery of ten of their asso- 
ciates — does not favor that sort of civilization, and is reluc- 
tant that these fugitives should come in contact with it. 
Then, in respect to a warrant for their arrest, he must confer 
with his Council — and they are twenty miles off, at New 
Haven, and it is Saturday toward sundown, and to-morrow 
is the Sabbath, when there must be no work or journeying 
— there were tithing-men in those days. 

Thus all must wait for Monday; but, curiously enough, on 
that very Saturday evening an Indian went with quick and 
soft steps from Guilford to New Haven ; and all posterity 
believes that Governor Leet knew of his going thither. Also, 
on Monday morning, just after the Sabbath ended at mid- 
night, long before day, John Meigs rode off post-haste to 
New Haven, reaching there betimes, and leaving there a very 
important item or two of information; and seven generations 
of people that have live<l since suspect that somehow old 
Governor Leet knew something about this journey also. 

Meanwhile tradition tells of that particular Sabbath, that 
it was a high day over at New Haven ; and who shall ever 
account for the remarkable coincidence that transpired? 
Had that Guilford Indian crept up, in the deep Saturday 
night, and dropped some message into one of the old parson- 
age windows ? For upon this identical Sunday — the meeting- 
house being full of wide-awake men and godly women — there 
was proclaimed from the lofty pulpit this strange text, to 
wit: 

" Take council, execute judgment ; make thy shadow as 
the night in the midst of the noonday ; hide the outcasts ; 
bewray not him that wandereth. Let mine outcasts dwell 
with thee, Moab; be thou a covert to them from the face of the 
spoiler: for the extortioner is at an end, the spoiler ceaseth, 
the oppressors are consumed out of the land." Isa. xvi, 3, 4. 

And the sermon was such as no faint-hearted minister. 



10 TEE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 

none but a man brave for God and humanity, like old Dr. 
Davenport, could preach. Now and then sermons are won- 
derful for timeliness — wise words, like " goads, and as nails 
fastened by the master of assemblies" — words " fitly spoken," 
and " like apples of gold in pictures of silver." And that ser- 
mon in the New Haven meeting-house, coming from the lips 
of that strong and determined preacher, and paeling out from 
under that old sounding-board on that blooming and fragrant 
Sunday, May 12, 1661, while the birds were singing without, 
and the vernal breezes were playing amid the forest boughs, 
that was one of the timely and telling sermons, kindling 
hallowed fire and valor and burning hatred of bloody tyranny 
and oppression in the united heart of the New Haven dwellers. 
Exciting events were imminent, and the village was ready. 

On Monday came the pursuers, bright and early and hope- 
ful. Some hours later came also the governor, to confer with 
his Council touching the warrant. At once the former renew 
their attack upon him with greater clamor than ever, demand- 
ing the requisite license for searching the town. " Give us 
the power," said they, "to arrest them, or move others to 
do it." 

Governor. *' I cannot and will not make you magistrates." 

Messengers. " Then, if you will give us the power to do it, 
we will ourselves search certain houses where we think they 
are hid." 

Gover7ior. " I can take no steps in the matter till I have 
called the Council together." 

Messengers. (In great wrath.) " You, sir, are bringing upon 
yourself and your colony the heaviest disasters by your con- 
duct in this business. Your backwardness in aiding us to 
secure these men fully convinces us of your willingness that 
the traitors should escape." 

The Council at length assemble and confer for many hours, 
ending with the conclusion that it would be necessary to as- 
semble the General Court. The young gentlemen are rampant, 



THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 11 

and pour out a storm of indignation and remonstrance upon 
the vexatious governor, pressing home to him the question, 
" Wliether he would obey the king or no ? " 

" We honor his majesty," replied the governor, " but we 
have tender consciences." 

At such a response their rage is unbounded, and they now 
boldly express to him their suspicions that he knows the 
whereabouts of the fugitives. 

Again there is a conference of the magistrates, and the New 
Haven judges are associated with the governor and Council. 
An eventful interview ! And as the deliberations j^roceed 
there is an evident giving way on the part of a portion of the 
conference. But there were brave and strong men in that as- 
sembly of magistrates, and they carried the day, and of their 
long deliberations the sequel was that the coveted warrant 
was — declined. On the following day the pursuers, after 
some ineffectual attempts to search for their prey, left empty- 
handed, turning their faces toward the Manhadoes, afterward 
styled New York city. 

The fugitive judges felt that there was no safety for them 
except in concealment. Their first more permanent hiding- 
place was upon the summit of an eminence two or three miles 
north-westerly from New Haven. Here, upon a base of 
about forty feet square, stood an irregular cluster of pillars 
of trap-rock, similar to a clump of trees, and having an alti- 
tude of about twenty-five feet. These pillars, at their 'base, 
stood at a little distance apart, some of them slanting inward 
as they rose, so as to come to a common center at the top, 
thus forming a sort of irregular apartment within. Then, 
by closing up the open spaces with the boughs of trees, the 
place could be rendered habitable. It was in the midst of a 
forest, so as to be unseen from the level area below, while, 
at the same time, from the summit of the rocks and over 
the tops of the trees was a full view of the harbor and bay 
of New Haven. 



13 THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 

As well as might be, and by the khid offices and assistance 
of a neighboring farmer, Mr. Sperry, this ungainly cavern 
was fitted up as a hiding-place for the judges, and thither 
they were promptly conducted. Here they received their 
supplies from the hospitable table of the same Mr. Sperry, 
whose residence was down upon the plain, about a mile west- 
ward from the cave. 

Yet this "munition of rocks" soon proved, alas! a place 
of alarms. It was amid the wilderness, and wild beasts had 
not yet all retreated from their old haunting-places into the 
deeper forests, and more distant from the approaches of civ- 
ilization. The wolf and the bear still piowled in near prox- 
iiuity to the settlements, and the howl of the catamount 
echoed at night through the dense and gloomy woods. As 
the judges one midnight were resting upon their couch, one 
of these frightful animals, having inserted his head through 
an interstice of the cavern, glared in upon them with his 
terrible eyeballs of fire. Happily they were not attacked ; 
but in their thorough fright one or both of them fled down 
the declivity, and away to the house of Mr. Sperry, and re- 
turned to the cave no more. Thus, in less than a single 
month, their lofty retreat was abandoned, and another place 
was to be sought. 

Away two or three miles north of the deserted " cave " — 
not like that upon the summit of the eminence or ridge, but 
down at its western base — was a little charming retreat which 
nature seemed to have designed to be as secluded and hidden 
as it was picturesque and beautif id. It was a narrow vale or 
glen lying directly at the foot of the ridge, and stretching 
for some distance parallel with it. On the opposite or west- 
ern side arose a lofty embankment, having a direction also 
parallel with the ridge on the east, but bending around east- 
ward at the head of the glen, so as nearly to shut it in at its 
northern extremity. Through this inclosure of only a few 
rods in width flowed an unfailing rivulet of clear and spark- 



THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 13 

ling water, laving, as it flowed southward, the base of the 
ridge, while the narrow interval lying west of the stream 
was carpeted with grass and adorned with a grove of prime- 
val trees spreading their ample shadows beneath. This was 
the second hiding-place of the judges after disappearing 
from New Haven; and near its northern extremity, where 
the embankment circled round toward the rivulet, a little 
lodge was erected, and so hidden in the embankment and 
by the surrounding foliage as to render it almost invisible. 
But, for some reason not clearly undei^stood, this second 
refuge was also presently abandoned. Doubtless the demon 
of fear entered this retreat likewise and spoiled every real 
or anticipated comfort. 

They now plunged more deeply into the wilderness, and 
passing several miles westward made their solitary home in 
the heart of the great forest stretch, north-westerly from 
New Haven. Yet in their loneliness they dreaded to lose 
sight entirely of the pleasant homes of civilization. Hence 
they sojourned near an eminence from whose summit the 
little city and its ample bay could be descried in the dis- 
tance. Here, too, their tarrying must have been but tempo- 
rary, for toward the end of summer they were again upon 
the move. We track them dimly as they wander in the 
wilderness, lingering for a day here, and another day there, 
until presently they relinquish finally their forest life to find 
some safer hiding-place among the abodes of men. 

Thus we find them in the early autumn at Milford, some 
miles south-west of New Haven. A benevolent man of this 
place — Tomkins by name — seems to have prepared a little 
habitation purposely for their accommodation. The building 
was upon the same lot with the proprietor's own residence, 
and was about twenty feet square, comprising two stories, 
the lower one being occupied by the judges, while the upper 
room was used by the Tomkins family for one and another 
domestic purpose. Here they resided during two full years 



14 THE STORY OF THE REQIGIDE8. 

in deep concealment, the fact of their presence being unknown 
to nearly every person in Milford, even to the servants of 
the Tomkins family — these being often occupied in the 
chamber above the Regicides, wholly ignorant, meanwhile, 
of the notable residents dwelling'below. Two or three Mil- 
f<)r<l citizens, besides Mr. Tomkins, were aware of the situa- 
tion, but no others. The judges \ entured out neither by day 
nor night, and not so much as the neighboring orchard was 
visited by them, while their supplies, we may presume, were 
due to the bounty of Mr. Tomkins. 

Gradually, however, the concealment at Milford became 
partially known, while, at the same time, a second commis- 
sion had arrived from England, liaving, as one of its main 
purposes, the capture of tlie Regicides, and their transfer to 
London. Hence another and a long remove was deemed 
immediately necessary, and the town of Hadley, a frontier 
settlement of Massachusetts, w.is the designated place. It 
was to be reached by nnother long and hazardous journey 
through a wildeiness country. Their pilgrimage thither was 
in the month of October, 1664, and must needs be performed 
by night instead of amid the beautiful autumnal sunshine ; 
for they were but outlaws wherever they might journey or 
rest from journeying, and day and night must, with them, 
exchange places. 

They, however, arrived safely, and were at once received 
and sheltered by Rev. Mr. Russel, minister of the place, who 
seems to have arranged all necessary preparations and pre- 
cautions for their secure and comfortable home in his house. 
A part of the period of tlieir residence at Hadley they had 
lodgings with a Mr. Tilton, a few rods from the house of 
Mr. Russel ; and at these two places all their latter years 
are presumed to have been spent. 

At Hadley, as at Milford, the residence of the judges seems 
to have been in deep seclusion, for they were by no means 
out of danger. Tyranny, that in those years was enthroned 



THE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 15 

in England, had its evil eye ever out after them. It was tol 
eiably certain that these fugitive judges were somewhere in 
the New England colonies, and one and another commission 
to this country had their charge respecting them; nor did the 
inquisition for their blood cease until years after death had 
removed them infinitely far from the grasp of greedy and 
bloody oppression. 

Here, then, had the Regicides found at last their final 
abode on earth. Here they waxed into hoary age, deeply 
and carefully secreted from the outside world. Only a single 
manifestation is recorded as transpiring amid those closing 
years, and that one was strange and most memorable. 

The first day of September, 1675, was an eventful day at 
Hadley ; it ^vas a day of fasting and prayer in reference to 
the terrible Indian war termed in history *'King Philip's 
War," which was then raging. There was an almost uni- 
versal rising of the Indian tribes in New England ; and all 
the New England frontier towns, Hadley included, were spe- 
cially exposed. "The pious congregation," says President 
Stiles, " was observing a fast at Hadley on the occasion of 
this war; and, being at public worship in the meeting-house, 
were suddenly surprised by a body of Indians. It was the 
usage in the frontier towns, and even in New Haven, in those 
Indian wars, for a select number of the congregation to go 
armed to public worship. It was so at Hadley at this time. 
The people immediately took to their arms, but were thrown 
into great consternation and confusion. Had Hadley been 
taken, the discovery of the judges would have been inev- 
itable. 

" Suddenly, and in the midst of the people, there appeared 
a man of a very venerable aspect, and different from the in- 
habitants in his apparel, who took the command, arranged 
and ordered them in the best military manner ; and, under 
his direction, they repelled and routed the Indians, and the 
town was saved. He immediately vanished, and the inhab- 



16 2HE STORY OF THE REGICIDES. 

itants could not account for the phenomenon but by consid- 
ering that person as an angel sent of God upon that special 
occasion for their deliverance; and for some time after they 
said and believed that they had been delivered and saved by 
an angel. Nor did they know or conceive otherwise till 
fifteen or twenty years after, when it at length became 
known at Hadley that the two judges had been secreted 
there." 

And for nearly a score of years the story of the angel at 
Hadlej^ was widely believed in New England; and the mys- 
tery was not revealed till after the revolution of the English 
Government by the accession of William III., and until it 
became known at Hadley and elsewhere that the two judges 
had been long concealed there. It was one of these that, 
with a long, white beard, and otherwise, also, of exceeding 
dignity, came out from his hiding-place, rallied and led on 
the trembling citizens, routed the savages, and then vanished 
as suddenly as he had appeared, and as if he had passed into 
the clouds. 

This " angel " had an earthly name, to wit, William Goffe. 

It will be perceived that in this imperfect sketch there is 
but a slight notice of Colonel Dixwell. Yery different was 
his condition and fate from those of his two associates in 
exile. Seventeen out of the twenty-nine years of his resi- 
dence in this country he lived obscurely in New Haven under 
a change of name, married there, and, though bearing about 
him an air of mystery, was much esteemed and respected by 
those most intimately acquainted with him, and died in peace 
and full of years in 1689. Whalley and Goffe deceased at 
Hadley, the former probably about 1678, and the latter in 
1680. 



3477-.251 
Lot-.3g 



[tiiougiit-outune to help the memory.] 

1. When was Charles 1. executed? Who wera. the regicides?- Name the three 

who Hed to this country ? 

2. When did Whalley undGoffe reach Boston? Why did they suddenly disap- 

pear? Where were they next seen? 

3. How did tlioy escape from New Haven ? Where was their first hiding-place? 

Why did they leave It? 

4. Give 'some account of their wanderings, and of the place where tliey werG 

settled for two years? Why did they leave this place? Where next did 
they go ? 

5. Give'^an account of " the angel at Hadley ? " When and where did the three 

regicides die ? 



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